Drew's A Level Media

How is the video game industry specialised? Interactive Huge resource expenditure Much higher RRP Longer length A dedicated, core, target audience. Games developed for specific hardware, or released multiplatform. David Hesmondhalgh: Argues that companies use advertising and marketing techniques to minimise risk and maximise profit. Assassins Creed III - Liberation Published by Ubisoft in 2012 for the PlayStation Vita, with a subsequent HD re-release for the Playstation 3 and Xbox 360. How does the trailer target a specialised and generalised audience? Leading female character instead of a man to attract a wider, generalised audience of females as well as males - trying to increase female gamers. Representation of ethnic groups to attract a wider audience again. Typically main characters are white so the fact that the main character isn't is effective at attracting minorities that would relate to the character. Goes against stereotypes - woman being more powerf

History of the Video Game Industry 1940 - American nuclear physicist Edward Condon designed a computer allowing people to play the first game, Nim.  Thousands played the game. 1947 - The development of the cathode ray tube was created and helped lead to the creation of the first true video games as is is the core technology behind televisions by Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann. 1950s - Claude Shannon wrote the first programming guidelines for a chess playing computer. 1960s - US Department of Defence created a war game, STAGE 1960s - Ralph Baer came up with the concept of playing games on the television, he completed two TV games in the 1960s. 1971 - The first arcade game Computer Space released. 1972 - Atari, Inc released Pong which sold over 19,000 arcade cabinets. 1979 - Leading gaming company Activision  founded. 1978-81 - Total sales of arcade video game machines increased from $50 million in 1978 to $900 million in 1981. 1982 - Electronic Arts (EA) founded.

Industry Questions Only Straight Outta Compton Key Theory 12 - power and media industries - Curran and Seaton The media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by profit and power. Media concentration limits, variety creativity and quality. More socially diverse patterns of ownership can cause media productions to be more varied and adventurous. Straight Outta Compton (context) It was produced by Legendary Pictures who entered partnership with Universal Pictures (the films distributor) in 2014. Universal is now owned by NBC Universal, a Comcast company. It is essential to note the film was produced and distributed by a major, vertically integrated film studio that is part of a media conglomerate is significant in terms of funding, possibilities for cross promotion and reaching a global audience. N.W.A music video: Genre: Hip-hop/rap Representation: The two groups that are presented in the music video are black and white males. White police offi

Humans: Key Scene (First 2 Episodes of the Episode (buying Anita) Identifiable Sci-fi music News readings edited in Establishing shot of the area they live in. Shows the opening of her to help signify the sci-fi genre. The slow pan up to the extreme close up of her face reinforces that she is pretty. Sound as you turn them on - ,showing that she is a machine. Lab settings in the opening sequence. Eye iconography - you can tell the machines from the humans by their eye colour - green for robots. Eyes for humans is ow you can determine emotion. Referencing previous sci-fi texts such as blade runner with the eye iconography. Shot of the robots in the factory all lined up together shows they are not treated as humans. Low angle pf the moon from the factory - sci-fi - shows lack of freedom because she wants to leave. Moon represents space - space is open and free. Binary oppositions between space and the factory. Stereotypical British family. Warm colours in the home opposed to

Radio (Audience and industry based) (Late Night Women's Hour) Late Night Woman's Hour - Spin off from long running BBC Radio 4 daily magazine programme, Woman's Hour. Broadcasted once a month, late at night. Presented by Lauren Laverne. Late Night Woman's Hour: Home How does LNWH meet the needs of its audience? Appeals to stereotypes of what the target audience would like, talks about domestic life, comfort etc. Additionally, all of the guests are a part of the target audience themselves so the audience would relate to the people talking. Who is the target audience? Adult women aged 30+/middle age, middle class What regulatory issues could the episode cause? The fact that the episode is live means that it is hard to screen the audience from whatever is being talked about on the show. For example, if somebody was to swear/talk about an inappropriate subject there is not time to edit that before the audience hears it. Why does the BBC broadcast the show?

Tabloids: (Daily Mirror) 'Popular' press Aimed at a lower social class (C2, D and E) Bold layout with a coloured masthead and a bold typeface. Easy to read with large and dramatic pictures Shorter articles with more pictures and it includes less in-depth reporting Puns and jokes incorporated into the headlines More focus on human interest stories such as celebrity gossip Use of gimmicks such as bingo games, free travel tickets and phone in surveys. Polysemy : Not everything has a single meaning. One of the best ways of applying Media theory, is through suggesting two or more possible meanings. In creating a newspaper, producers typically attempt to avoid polysemic readings. The process of forcing an audience into a particular reading is called anchoring. Anchorage : the 'fixing' of a particular meaning to a media text, often through the use of captions. Bias:  Having a particular belief about one side of an argument and not considering the other side of th

Formation - Beyonce (2016) Representation:  Re-presentation of something (social groups, individuals, issues and events) encoded by the producer. Used to construct a world and aspects in it. Binary oppositions (conflict) encoded in the video: Seems to be anti-police - Binary oppositions between the police and african-americans The opening shot is of her sitting on a police car which links to the conflict. They are also in a poor environment which contrasts to some of the clothes that they are wearing. It also contrasts to the large mansion house. The fact that the police car is in the water portrays the police negatively because they allowed that to happen. Police shows control and authority the fact that the car is in the water and nobody is in the car shows lack of police in the time of crisis. Conflict at the beginning of the video because it warns the audience about explicit lyrics. Long shot of a police officer near a small child showing vulnerability. Functions/purposes

Tide Advert Designed for heavy duty machine cleaning. Brand leader in America established in 1946 by P&G. (Procter and Gamble). DMB&B (D'Arcy Masius Benton and Bowles) handled advertising agency handles P&G's accounts. They found their audience had a large amount of confidence in the brand. Used print radio advertising campaigns concurrently in order to build a familiarity of the brand with the audience. Both media forms use the "housewife" character and ideology. They made it out that the customers loved the product. Semiotic Analysis of the Tide Advert The purpose of the advert is to create a relationship between the audience and the product by making the audience familiar with the product and want to buy it. the overall purpose is to sell their product. The context of the advert is that mainly women would do the washing so it makes sense that they would depict a woman for the advert as it appeals to the target audience. Tide uses symbolic

Tide Print Advert Media Language: Ideology Polysemy Mise-en-scene Costume Lexis Intertextuality Representation: Stereotypes Hegemony Subvert/reinforce Polysemy Ideology Audience: Audience Targeting Audience Positioning Audience Appeal Reception Theory Audience Responce Audience Interpretation Socio-economic status Industry: Regulation Distribution Conglomoration Horizontal/Vertical integration Cultural Industries Production Economic Factors Marketing/Promotion Digital Production Ownership Digital Co nvergence Wateraid Audiovisual Advert Media Language: Ideology Polysemy Mise-en-scene Costume Lexis Intertextuality Representation: Stereotypes Hegemony Subvert/reinforce Polysemy Ideology Audience: Audience Targeting Audience Positioning Audience Appeal Reception Theory Audience Responce Audience Interpretation Socio-economic status Industry: Regulation Distribution Conglomoration Horizontal/Vertical integration Cultura