Drew's A Level Media

Conglomeration:  David Hesmondhalgh: A conglomerate is a corporation that consists of a group of businesses dealing in different products or services. Conglomeration is the process of a conglomerate being formed. Example question: How have ownership and economic factors shaped the TV programs you have studied? CANAL+ Ideology Most channels are subscription based showing that Canal+'s ideology is more profit driven and unwilling to take risks that could effect profit. Funding Funded by its parent company Vivendi. Additionally, Canal+ financially backs a large amount of France's domestic film production. Canal+ has also created its own subsidiary companies with direct involvement in film production. Vivendi owns many subsidiaries such as Universal Music Group showing they are trying to maximise income. Scheduling Canal+ broadcasts 24 hours a day. Ownership Owned ultimately by Vivendi (a French mass media conglomerate). Vivendi owns many subsidiaries such as U...

Liesbet Van-Zoonen  argues that  media language encodes  how  male  and  female  characters  act in media products.  Explore how  representations   position  the  audience  in  Humans  and  Les Revenants The representation, how a group or issue is presented, of both male and female genders is encoded by the use of media language, for example. the scenes lighting, mise-en-scene and music. This representation can be accepted by the audience in terms of a dominant reading, alternatively, the audience can completely oppose this representation by taking an oppositional reading. However, most audiences mostly accept and agree with the representation and only disagree with certain aspects. This is made clear in a theory of reception by Stuart Hall. Both  Les Revenants and Humans  use media language to encode representation of its characters in certain key scenes such as in the scene in Les Reven...

Exam Prep Key Words Hegemony (domination of one group over another. Sometimes less obvious) Binary Oppositions Patriarchal Intertextual Dominant Ideology (encoded by the producer) Negotiation (eg negotiated reading by the audience) Oppositional (reading) Polysemy (when a media product has multiple meanings) Ideology Symbolic codes Hermeneutic (deliberately confusing - provokes questions for the audience) Pro (when the audience is expecting something via action (when one action leads to another)) Genre paradigm Structure Underline key terms in the question Knee Jerk reaction to the question Plan write key terms and theories etc Intro - D: Define (key terms) A: Argument (make your argument clear) C: Context (year created, producer, genre etc) Key scenes - media language Point, Evidence, Analysis Conclusion "In the 21st century , it is essential for TV shows to offer multiple meanings " - evaluate this claim with reference to Les Revenants Knee...

Les Revenants Audience and industry Mogwai: Scottish indie rock band (niche) that produced the soundtrack to Les Revenants Brings in a different audience who like that genre of music. Builds an international fanbase. Media texts work together to promote each other. Les Revenants Trailer  Genre Conventions: You can see a lot of blood and violence in the trailer which is a convention of the horror genre. This is evident when you see the woman get stabbed in the underpass, the woman show her scars and when a man is punched. Furthermore, there is an eerie music throughout that is conventional of the horror genre because it is a hermeneutic code as it builds suspense and makes the audience think that something is about to happen. Additionally, there are multiple genres made evident in the trailer because as well as horror there are references to the supernatural as the dead butterfly breaks out of the glass which is against nature. This attracts the audience because both fans of...

Les Revenants Audience Targeting The poster is successful at advertising Les Revenants because there are a lot of Enigma codes/ Hermeneutic codes. There are also connotations of love and

A study of Representation looks at: The group, place or issue on which a media product is focusing. The media language the media product uses in order to present these groups or issues. The ideological perspectives about the group or issue being created within the product. The impact of this ideological perspective on the target audience. Camille Stereotypical representation of a teenage girl: She comes home late and to eat food untidily. Additionally, girls are generally seen as cleaner than boys which is represented when she showers right after returning home. She is also slightly rude and demanding because she doesn't clean up, is rude about a table ornament. Could be atypical as young girl could be sweet and kind. Young teenage girls in horror genre are often scary. Her entrance is matched with stereotypical horror music emphasising cliche in horror genre that young girls are scary and creepy. Claire Stereotypical representation of mother: Girl assumes she must have ...

Les Revenants: Released 26th November 2012 on Canal+ in France 9th June 2013 on Channel 4 in the UK 2 series, 8 episodes each Based on the French film 'They Come Back' (Les Revenants) (dir. Robin Campillo 2004) Created by Fabrice Gobert Genre Hybridity: Horror Supernatural Drama Avant-garde (unconventional/atypical) Zombie (could be a subgenre of horror) Could be a 'French' genre because it relatable to French audiences and French industries are stereotypically quite experimental and atypical with what they create. Cult TV A cult is a small group of fans who are extremely passionate about the text. Cult fanbases are usually emotionally attached fans identifying themselves as members of a community. Less mainstream but has a small but dedicated fanbase. - Links to Henry Jenkins theory of Fandoms 'Les Revenants' is a Cult TV program which is not that popular but the small audience that it does reach is very passionate. Steve Ne...

The Returned - Les Revenants  Sci-fi/ horror genre (genre  paradigms)  - intertextual references to horror films (poster of the Exorcist). sci-fi because of the music. The sci-fi genre provides a metaphor for our actual lives. Target Older people/parents - they would be effected emotionally because of the topics of loosing children etc. Representation of teenagers (quite stereotypically). Largely white representation - middle class.  Hermeneutic Codes - creates questions for the audience. most of the story is withheld from the audience to draw you in.

Real Humans: Swedish Original In the Swedish original it seems that the robots harm humans a lot more, additionally, it is a lot easier to tell humans apart from the robots in the original. Less representation of ethnicity, Swedish people stereotypically have blond hair and blue eyes making the Korean robot Anita stand out much more. Revealed what happens when a robot 'dies'.  We as British people relate more with the British version.  Robots are more aggressors in the Swedish version - there is also the 'real humans' party. 

The Specialised Television Industry: Television has changed considerably since the advent of digital technology in terms of its production, distribution and consumption. It has become increasingly global, rather than a national industry and has become increasingly commercial, with public service broadcasting forced to adapt its structure, role and function. International co-production is growing and broadcasters such as HBO have achieved global success. Broadcasters are now 'narrowcasters', with multiple channels targeting different (sometimes niche) audiences. Audiences consume television texts in a variety of ways as the industry has increased portability via new platforms (tablet, mobile phone) and patterns of consumption have changed alongside this (the box-set and binge watching, on demand and catch up, Netflix, Amazon etc). Interactive social media channels such as youtube have increased accessibility for the 'prosumer' audience, and social media and viral...

Humans/Channel 4 Fact file Ideological Perspectives Funding Associated Channels Scheduling Notable Releases Ownership Ideological Perspectives Channel 4 was set up with a unique model as a ‘publisher-broadcaster’, meaning that we do not have any in-house production, but instead commission content from production companies throughout the UK. We are a self-sufficient business that reinvests all profits back into programmes, at zero cost to the taxpayer. A ‘Robin Hood’ model of cross-funding means programmes that make money pay for others that are key to delivering our remit but that are loss-making e.g. News and Current Affairs. Our twin goals as a content provider and business are to fulfil our remit and to be commercially self-sufficient. "The public service remit for Channel 4 is the provision of a broad range of high quality and diverse programming which, in particular: demonstrates innovation, experiment and creativity in the form and content of programm...

Postmodernism Hyperreality is the idea that the simulation is much more real to us than reality. An example of this would be Instagram - stuff we see on there seems real to us but isn't. Humans and Simulacra? The synths themselves may be seen as simulacra - copies of "perfect humans" which do not really exist. The parallel world to our own is a hyperreality - it is the present or near future re-presented from a mediated perspective. Consider how this is constructed. It may be argued that the series itself is a comment on the attractions of the hyperreal over the real -e.g Joe's sexual attraction to Anita. Hyperreality: In postmodern culture the boundaries between the 'real' world and the world of the media have collapsed and that it is no longer possible to distinguish between what is reality and what is simulation. In fact, it really doesn't matter which is which. Therefore, in this postmodern age of simulacra, audiences are constantly bombarde...

Postmodernism in Human's Criticism of meta-narratives Rejection of high culture Breaking walls Intertextuality Style over substance

Judith Butler: Theories of gender Performativity: Identity is a performance, and it is constructed through a series of acts and expressions that we perform every day. While there are biological differences dictated by sex, our gender is defined by this series of acts. These may include the way we walk, talk, dress and so on. Therefore, there is no gender identity behind these expressions of gender. Gender performativity is not a singular act, but a repetition and a ritual. It is outlined and reinforced through dominant and patriarchal ideologies.  This can be applied to Humans because we can see that the female and male synths have learn't their respective roles. Male synths have labour intensive jobs, women are maternal, sexualised etc. Bell Hooks Feminist Theory in Humans: Patriarchal oppression in Humans. Anita was initially brought essentially to replace his wife - domestically, maternally and hints to replacement sexually.  Salesman is a male selling ...

Judith Butler: Butler  argues that  feminism  made a mistake in trying to make "women" a discrete, ahistorical group with common characteristics.  Butler  writes that this approach reinforces the binary view of gender relations.    Butler believes that feminists should not try to define "women" and she also believes that feminists should "focus on providing an account of how power functions and shapes our understandings of womanhood not only in the society at large but also within the feminist movement."  Finally, Butler aims to break the supposed links between sex and gender so that gender and desire can be "flexible, free floating and not caused by other stable factors". The idea of identity as free and flexible and gender as a performance, not an essence, is one of the foundations of  queer theory . Bell Hooks: Feminism is the struggle to end patriarchal hegemony and the domination of women and feminism is not a lifestyle choice, it's ...

Representation structure:  What is representation? Representation is a re-presentation. By who? For what purpose? For what function? For what ideal? Who does this impact upon? Both the target audience and the group being represented Most female roles throughout the first episode are where the female is the giver/server. For example, there are roles of the mother, caregiver, prostitute, made, butler, friend, slave, rebel. This means that there are quite narrow representations of women. Madonna/Whore complex - Sigmund Freud Freud developed a theory to explain men's anxiety towards women's sexuality, suggesting that men define women into on of two categories: the Madonna (Women he admires and respects) and the whore (women he is attracted to and therefore disrespects). The Madonna is typically virtuous, nurturing, saintly and sexually repressed. The whore is sensual, sexualised and desirable without purity. This can be used in Humans - the mother is clearly the Mad...

Humans: Key Scene (First 2 Episodes of the Episode (buying Anita) Genre Codes and Conventions: Genre Theory Genre Fluidity: Camera work (framing, composition, shot types, angle, position and movement): Lighting/colour: Editing: Narrative construction: Sound: Mise-en-scnene: Identifiable Sci-fi music News readings edited in Establishing shot of the area they live in. Shows the opening of her to help signify the sci-fi genre. The slow pan up to the extreme close up of her face reinforces that she is pretty. Sound as you turn them on - ,showing that she is a machine. Lab settings in the opening sequence. Eye iconography - you can tell the machines from the humans by their eye colour - green for robots. Eyes for humans is ow you can determine emotion. Referencing previous sci-fi texts such as blade runner with the eye iconography. Shot of the robots in the factory all lined up together shows they are not treated as humans. Low angle pf the moon from the factory - sci-...

Drew's Media profile Top Films:                Cool Runnings Fantastic Beasts Megamind All Harry Potters Saving Private Ryan Top TV shows: Sherlock Rick and Morty Breaking Bad Band of Brothers The Flash The Tunnel Lucky Man Best YouTube channels: Pewdiepie TGF Joe Weller KSI Miniminter Memeulous The True Geordie Mike Boyd Best Music Artists: Eminem G-Eazy Post Malone Best TV opening themes: Rick and Morty The Flash Breaking Bad Top Directors: Steven Spielberg Chris Columbus Best Videogames: Detroit: Become Human Black ops: Two Counter Strike Overwatch  Favourite Brands: Converse Vans Nike Fat Face