Conglomeration

Conglomeration: 

David Hesmondhalgh:
A conglomerate is a corporation that consists of a group of businesses dealing in different products or services.
Conglomeration is the process of a conglomerate being formed.

Example question: How have ownership and economic factors shaped the TV programs you have studied?

CANAL+

Ideology
Most channels are subscription based showing that Canal+'s ideology is more profit driven and unwilling to take risks that could effect profit.

Funding
Funded by its parent company Vivendi. Additionally, Canal+ financially backs a large amount of France's domestic film production. Canal+ has also created its own subsidiary companies with direct involvement in film production.
Vivendi owns many subsidiaries such as Universal Music Group showing they are trying to maximise income.

Scheduling
Canal+ broadcasts 24 hours a day.

Ownership
Owned ultimately by Vivendi (a French mass media conglomerate). Vivendi owns many subsidiaries such as Universal Music Group showing they are trying to maximise income. Canal+ is an example of horizontal integration because they are buying other companies such as Canal+ group to reduce competition.

Notable releases
Original French TV Shows : Les Guignols de l'info; Groland; H; Jamel Comedy Club; Spiral (Engrenages) ; Mafiosa; Le Journal du Hard; Pigalle la Nuit; La Commune; Braquo; Reporters; Scalp; Le Grand Journal; La Matinale; Le petit journal; La Nouvelle Edition; Lundi Investigation; Canal Football Club; Dimanche+; Maison Close; Les Revenants; The Spy; Savages (Les Sauvages)

Ethos
Canal+ is "the French film industries biggest financial backer, beloved by French cineastes." John Carreyrou and Bruce OrwallStaff Reporters of The Wall Street Journal. "Vivendi Turmoil Rises as Messier Ousts Popular Canal Plus Chief"

Conglomeration
Canal+ is a subsidiary to its parent company Vivendi. Additionally, Canal+ is the parent company to other companies such as: Platform Canal+, Canal+ Active SAS, VivendiNet S.A., Studio Bagel Productions SAS, Studio Expand, Canal+ Nordic, Wizja TV.

Acquisitions

StudioCanal acquired British distributor Optimum Releasing in 2006 as their first expansion into an international market. Two years later, their second expansion into an international market took place with StudioCanal's acquisition of German distributor Kinowelt who had distributed their films up to that point. Both companies have since been renamed StudioCanal. StudioCanal's acquisition of Australian distributor Hoyts Distribution took place in 2012 and was StudioCanal's third expansion into an international market.

In June 2016, StudioCanal acquired the intellectual rights to the Paddington Bear brand, along with the Copyrights Group, the franchise's merchandise licensing agent. StudioCanal then announced that it would be producing three more Paddington films, including a show on Nick Jr. in 2020.^[23]

Distributors

Outside France, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and German-speaking countries, StudioCanal does not have a formal distribution unit per se, instead relying on other distribution studios and home video distributors to handle their titles. In North America for example, The Criterion Collection, Rialto Pictures, Lionsgate Home Entertainment, Image Entertainment, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Universal Pictures, distribute StudioCanal's back catalogue on DVD and Blu-ray Disc (in addition, Anchor Bay Entertainment used to previously handle several of their titles). Sony Pictures Home Entertainment handles distribution of StudioCanal/Hoyts Distribution films in Australia and New Zealand on DVD and Blu-ray.

StudioCanal also handles home video distribution of 550 titles from the Miramax library within Europe (Lionsgate handles American and most international distribution, while Entertainment One handles Canadian distribution) since February 2011.

Exports